"[38]:360, In 1858, the California State Legislature enacted the first bill of several that prohibited the attendance of "Negroes, Mongolians and Indians" from public schools. (Eds.). (1881). These races were called Mongoloid, Caucasoid, and Negroid. Lancet corr. "[33]:249[35], The fact that there are no sharp distinctions between the supposed racial groups had been observed by Blumenbach and later by Charles Darwin. A System of Physical Geography. #Mongoloid #Caucasian #Negroid , #Neanderthal #Cromagnon #Denisovans. A proponent's perspective", "Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics", National Criminal Justice Reference Service, "Ricky Gervais, please stop using the word 'mong, "John Langdon Down: The Man and the Message", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongoloid&oldid=1005850991, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 19:01. White Women + Black Man = Negroid child with lighter brown skin. The terms are derived from the region of the world in which they were prevalent. A person with Down syndrome. [13], British biologist Thomas Huxley, a strong advocate of Darwinism and a monogenist, presented the views of polygenists in 1865: "[S]ome imagine their assumed species of mankind were created where we find them... the Mongolians from the Orangs". In Losos J. Astraloid. Arguments against the existence of human races (the taxa 'Mongoloid', 'Caucasoid' and 'Negroid' and those from other classifications) include those stated for subspecies10 and several others15. The eye sockets are smaller and somewhat sloped in a Caucasoid skull. Several of us believe that this is an appropriate time to introduce the term 'Trisomy 21 Anomaly', which would include cases of simple Trisomy as well as translocations. What are the various components of periosteum. Kroeber indicated that, within the three-part classification, the Mongoloid, the Negroid, and the Caucasian are the three "primary racial stocks of mankind." Meiners divided humanity into two races he labeled "Tartar-Caucasians" and "Mongolians", believing the former to be beautiful, the latter to be "weak in body and spirit, bad, and lacking in virtue". Favorite Answer. Answer Save. The term Mongoloid has had a second usage referencing Down syndrome, now generally regarded as highly offensive. The terminology change was brought about both by scientific and medical experts[53] as well as people of Asian ancestry,[53] including those from Mongolia. Some of the undersigned are inclined to replace the term Mongolism by such designations as 'Langdon Down Anomaly', or 'Down's Syndrome or Anomaly', or 'Congenital Acromicria'. [40], In 1985, Michael P. Malone of the FBI Laboratory said that the FBI Laboratory is in a good position for the examination of Mongoloid hairs, because it does most of the examinations for Alaska, which has a large Mongoloid population, and it conducts examinations for the majority of Indian reservations in the United States. As before, the genetic distance between Caucasoid and Mongoloid is the smallest and that between Negroid and Mongoloid is the largest. What was Pan-Islam, originated in 1880 in Ottoman empire? August 14, 2006", http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/32648/StefanSchubert2016.pdf?sequence=1, "The Physical Anthropology of Ceylon. Negroid was a word for a person from Sub-Saharan Africa. As adjectives the difference between negroid and caucasian is that negroid is (ethnology) having negro features racially pertaining to the racial classification of humanity including people indigenous to sub-saharan africa and their diaspora in other parts of the world while caucasian is . 1 decade ago. The mongoloid skull type is a very recent evolutionary development. 3 9. 1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Land That Time Forgot Chapter VIII They were human and yet not human. If so, what substances are they? The scientists who made up these terms to classify people was from the 1700s. About FSC. 2014 views Relevance. [21]:100, According to the Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1885–90), peoples included in the Mongoloid race are North Mongol, Chinese & Indochinese, Japanese & Korean, Tibetan & Burmese, Malay, Polynesian, Maori, Micronesian, Eskimo, and Native American. [39], In 1885, the California State Legislature amended its code to make separate schools for "children of Mongoloid or Chinese descent. It was made by Saitou Naruya (斎藤成也? Winchell, A. The FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation. The group of these persons was called "Negroid race". Kroeber said that, according to most anthropometrists, the Eskimo is the most particularized sub-variety out of the American Mongoloids. Are the words "Mongoloid, Caucasoid, Negroid, etc." Relevance. Actually Caucasion is technically a wrong term. Are terms like Caucasoid, Negroid, Mongoloid, and Australoid inaccurate genetically? around the world, Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems. Ham negroid black race and cursed.Shem mongoloid asian race and blessed and caucasoid white european raced and blessed. [23] Similarly in 1904, Ponnambalam Arunachalam claimed the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka were a people of mixed Mongolian and Malay racial origins as well as Indo-Aryan, Dravidian and Vedda origins. [45], In 2004, British anthropologist Caroline Wilkinson gave a description of "Mongoloid" skulls in her book on forensic facial reconstruction: "The Mongoloid skull shows a round head shape with a medium-width nasal aperture, rounded orbital margins, massive cheekbones, weak or absent canine fossae, moderate prognathism, absent brow ridges, simple cranial sutures, prominent zygomatic bones, broad, flat, tented nasal root, short nasal spine, shovel-shaped upper incisor teeth (scooped out behind), straight nasal profile, moderately wide palate shape, arched sagittal contour, wide facial breadth and a flatter face. Mongoloid, from Mongolia, is generally what we call “asian”. See more. Still have questions? [47]:132[48]:66 They supposed that "Mongoloid" eye sockets have been extended vertically to make room for adipose tissue around the eyeballs, and that the "reduced" brow ridges decrease the size of the air spaces inside of the brow ridges known as the frontal sinuses which are "vulnerable" to the cold. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negroid for a very good chart of the distribution of each group. [11], Discussions on race among Western scholars during the 19th century took place against the background of the debate between monogenists and polygenists, the former arguing for a single origin of all mankind, the latter holding that each human race had a specific origin. Negroid, literally translates as "black resemblance" from negro, is what we generally call “black”. et al (1961). Philadelphia: H. Cowperthwait & Co. p. 77. Does the skeletal system produce substances? Differences in physical characteristics are usually thought to have derived from the climatic conditions of life in each region. Kroeber said that the Mongoloid element in Polynesians appears to be larger than the definite Caucasian strain in Polynesians. Saitou et al. First introduced in the 1780s by members of the Göttingen school of history, [page needed] the term denoted one of three purported major races of humankind (Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid). Mongoloid skulls are rounder, have nearly circular eye sockets and projecting cheek bones. USA & Canada: Mouton Publishers. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of three races was wrong.:360. Speaking of Polynesians, Kroeber said that there are locally possible minor Negroid absorptions, as the ancestral Polynesians had to pass by or through archipelagoes which are presently Papuo-Melanesian Negroid to get to the central Pacific.[31][32]. offensive? What are the most important functions of the skeletal system? It condemned all forms of racism, naming "the doctrine of inequality of men and races"[30]:1 among the causes of World War II and proposing to replace the term "race" with "ethnic groups" because "serious errors ... are habitually committed when the term 'race' is used in popular parlance". Today, scientists agree that there is only one human race. American anthropologist Carleton S. Coon published his much debated[33]:248 Origin of Races in 1962. This made the point of view of three races appear to be "true, natural, and inescapable. His "yellow race", corresponding to other writers' "Mongoloid race", consisted of "the Altaic, Mongol, Finnish and Tartar branches". Race is determined by skeletal structure not skin color. I would never use the terms to offend anyone, but they seem pertinent to certain cases in which race is an essential key factor to identification. Negroid definition, (no longer in technical use) of, relating to, or characteristic of the peoples traditionally classified as the Negro race, especially those who originate in sub-Saharan Africa. Chicago: S.C. Griggs and Company; London: Trubner & Co. pp. Coined in 1908, the term remained in medical usage until the 1950s. Hispanic/Mexicans would fall somewhere between Native American, Caucasoid, Mongoloid and Neegroid! It is hoped that agreement on a specific phrase will soon crystallise once the term 'Mongolism' has been abandoned." 0 6. fleurdelyse25. It defined the term as, "an anthropological term designating one of the major groups of human beings originating from Asia, excluding the Indian subcontinent and including Native American Indians. adj. (2003). Europeans for instance wouldnt be neither of those, not even caucasian. In 1911, the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization was placing all "East Indians," a term which included the peoples of "India, Farther India, and Malaysia," in the "Mongolic" grand division. 1, 775. Mongoloid, from Mongolia, is generally what we call “asian”. But Negroid characteristics are obvious. EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. "[34], Since Coon followed the traditional methods of physical anthropology, relying on morphological characteristics, and not on the emerging genetics to classify humans, the debate over Origin of Races has been "viewed as the last gasp of an outdated scientific methodology that was soon to be supplanted. Dahlberg, A.A. & Graber, T.M. Hispanics are Caucasians. Kroeber said that the differences among the three divisions of the Mongoloid stock are not very large. & Lenski R. Native American. However, in the USA, because of their “down to earth” (really politically incorrect, ignorant ) approach they often use colorful words such as white, black and Asian. (2005). The Caucasoid peoples were usually divided into three groups on … [30]:6, Alfred L. Kroeber (1948), Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley, referring to the racial classification of mankind on the basis of physical features, said that there are basically "three grand divisions." (2016). [27] Eickstedt also classified the people of central Myanmar, Yunnan, southern Tibet, Thailand and parts of India as Palaungid deriving from the name of the Palaung people of Myanmar. Howard W. Stoudt", "Rassenkunde und Rassengeschichte der Menschheit", "Does Race Exist? * 1967 , W. Wolfensberger, 13: Counseling Parents of the Retarded'', Alfred A. Baumeister (editor), ''Ameliorating Mental Disability: Questioning Retardation , 2009, page 376, [36], With the availability of new data due to the development of modern genetics, the concept of races in a biological sense has become untenable. What is the name of the smallest bone in the skeletal system? Preadamites; or A Demonstration of the Existence of Men Before Adam; (3rd ed.). For example, D. M. Warren in 1856 used a narrow definition which did not include either the "Malay" or the "American" races,[15] while Huxley (1870)[16] and Alexander Winchell (1881) included both Malays and indigenous Americans. 57, 66. In former times, many people divided human beings into three races. In the 19th century Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1885–1890), Caucasoid was one of the three great races of humankind, alongside Mongoloid and Negroid. Watch Queue Queue Gray Bold . Burns, John F. & Orsi, Richard J. [10] In Blumenbach's concept, the Mongolian race comprises the peoples living in Asia east of the Ob River, the Caspian Sea and the Ganges River, with the exception of the Malays, who form a race of their own in his concept. "The importance of this anomaly among Europeans and their descendants is not related to the segregation of genes derived from Asians; its appearance among members of Asian populations suggests such ambiguous designations as 'Mongol Mongoloid'; increasing participation of Chinese and Japanese in investigation of the condition imposes on them the use of an embarrassing term. This video is unavailable. What are Negroid, Mongoloid, Aryan and the Caucasian? ", Charles Darwin. [29] Also, data are not reconcilable with the concept of a treelike evolution[37] nor with the concept of "biologically discrete, isolated, or static" populations. As before, the genetic distance between Caucasoid and Mongoloid is the smallest and that between Negroid and Mongoloid is the largest. The taxon was taken to consist of a number of subtypes. Why is the skeletal system referred to as an "organ" system, since it is not made up of organs? This used to be used to denote people with Down's Syndrome, and now is just generally derogatory. [49] [42], In 2005, an article in a journal by the FBI Laboratory defined the term "Mongoloid," as the term is used in forensic hair examinations. Scientific Working Group on Materials Analysis (SWGMAT). The term was motivated by the observation that people with Down syndrome often have epicanthic folds. We urge, therefore, that the expressions which imply a racial aspect of the condition be no longer used. [24] Howard S. Stoudt in The Physical Anthropology of Ceylon (1961) and Carleton S. Coon in The Living Races of Man (1966) classified the Sinhalese as partly Mongoloid. [48]:66, "Mongoloid" has had a second usage, now generally avoided as highly offensive: until the late 20th century, people with Down syndrome[3][4][5][6] were often referred to as "Mongoloids", or in terms of "Mongolian idiocy" or "Mongolian imbecility". Forensic Human Hair Examination Guidelines. Of peoples living outside Asia, he includes the "Eskimos" in northern America and the European Finns, among whom he includes the "Lapps". Of course, continued intermingling (and ultimately a common original ancestor) means that these distinctions are more arbitrary than scientific. Anonymous. In Losos J. [51], In the 21st century this usage of the term is deemed "unacceptable" in the English-speaking world and has fallen out of common use[52] because of its offensive and misleading implications about those with the disorder. Yes, they are internationally accepted scientific official terms. [22], In 1909, a map published based on racial classifications in South Asia conceived by Herbert Hope Risley classified inhabitants of Bengal and parts of Odisha as Mongolo-Dravidians, people of mixed Mongoloid and Dravidian origin. In 2019, the American Association of Physical Anthropologists stated: "The belief in 'races' as natural aspects of human biology, and the structures of inequality (racism) that emerge from such beliefs, are among the most damaging elements in the human experience both today and in the past."[2]. (Eds.). Negride oder Negroide (lateinisch niger „schwarz“) ist eine nicht mehr gebräuchliche rassenkundliche Bezeichnung für eine Reihe dunkelhäutiger afrikanischer Bevölkerungen, die den überwiegenden Teil des afrikanischen Kontinentes (Subsahara-Afrika) mit Ausnahme Nordafrikas bewohnen. Warren, D.M. Caucasians, so are people from the Indian sub-continent. "[29], In 1950, UNESCO published their statement The Race Question. Of course, continued intermingling (and ultimately a common original ancestor) means that these distinctions are more arbitrary than scientific. "[46], In 1950, Carleton S. Coon, Stanley M. Garn, and Joseph B. Birdsell proposed that the relative flatness of "Mongoloid" faces was caused by adaption to the extreme cold of subarctic and arctic conditions. The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America, New York: Nation Books 2016. “Charles Dickens” was: The first international organization was: What was Pan-Islam, originated in 1880 in Ottoman Empire? [7]:34, His more influential Göttingen colleague Johann Friedrich Blumenbach borrowed the term Mongolian for his division of mankind into five races in the revised 1795 edition of his De generis humani varietate nativa (On the Natural Variety of Mankind). [54], Legal use of the concept in the United States. Kroeber said that the following are the divisions of the Mongoloid stock: the "Mongolian proper of East Asia," the "Malaysian of the East Indies," and the "American Indian." So I will focus on Mongoloid, Caucasoid, Negroid, Australoid, Veddoid, half caucasoid/Negroid, half mongoloid/Caucasoid, Note: If anyone doubt this list than ask me. Caucasoid, from Caucasus, is generally what we commonly call “white”. [redacted by pp, dec 2, 2018] Reply. Negroid, mongoloid,Caucasoid, descendants of sons of Noah, Ham, Shem, Japhet. For a criticism of Coon's relying on typology alone, see also: "It may be doubted whether any character can be named which is distinctive of a race and is constant... they graduate into each other, and.. it is hardly possible to discover clear distinctive characters between them... As it is improbable that the numerous and unimportant points of resemblance between the several races of man in bodily structure and mental faculties (I do not here refer to similar customs) should all have been independently acquired, they must have been inherited from progenitors who had these same characters. 1870. Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning. Are there 3 races (mongoloid, Caucasoid and negroid) or 5 and if so, what are the 5 races? "Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking". Lv 7. Keevak, Michael. 2 3. The teeth are usually larger than a Caucasoid skull and the chin is less pronounced. (2016). [17] In 1861, Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire added the Australian as a secondary race (subrace) of the principal race of Mongolian. Awale. Kroeber alternatively referred to the divisions of the Mongoloid stock as the following: "Asiatic Mongoloids," "Oceanic Mongoloids," and "American Mongoloids." Although Blumenbach's concept of five races later gave rise to scientific racism, his arguments were basically anti-racist,[8] since he underlined that mankind as a whole forms one single species,[9] and points out that the transition from one race to another is so gradual that the distinctions between the races presented by him are "very arbitrary". He also classified the Burmese, Karen, Kachin, Shan, Sri Lankans, Tai, South Chinese, Munda and Juang, and others as having "mixed" with the Palaungid phenotype. [2], After discussing various criteria used in biology to define subspecies or races, Alan R. Templeton concludes in 2016: "[T]he answer to the question whether races exist in humans is clear and unambiguous: no. [14], During the 19th century, diverging opinions were pronounced whether native Americans or Malays should be included in the grouping which was sometimes called "Mongolian" and sometimes "Mongoloid". Mongoloid (/ ˈ m ɒ ŋ. ɡ ə. l ɔɪ d /) is an outdated historical grouping of various people indigenous to Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Polynesia, North Asia, and the Americas.. negroid (comparative more negroid, superlative most negroid) (ethnology) having negro features racially. "Homo Erectus then evolved into Homo Sapiens not once but five times, as each subspecies, living in its own territory, passed a critical threshold from a more brutal to a more sapient state. Term for a mentally retarded person. Where in the body is this bone found? Kroeber said that it is from these generalized type peoples, who kept more nearly the ancient type, that peoples such as the Chinese gradually diverged, who added the oblique eye, and a "certain generic refinement of physique." 6 Answers. The concept of dividing humankind into three races called Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid was introduced in the 1780s by members of the Göttingen School of History and further developed by Western scholars in the context of "racist ideologies"[2] during the age of colonialism. Kroeber said that in the East Indies, and in particular the Philippines, there can at times be distinguished a less specifically Mongoloid strain, which has been called the "Proto-Malaysian," and a more specifically Mongoloid strain, which has been called the "Deutero-Malaysian." [47], Still, in 1965 a study by A. T. Steegmann showed that the so-called cold-adapted Mongoloid face provided no greater protection against frostbite than the facial structure of Europeans. so why is it negroid and mongoloid are off limits whereas caucasian/caucasoid are fine? One is that the mongoloids emerged by genetic drift, the random fluctuation in gene frequencies that occurs between generations. Mongoloid. [41], In 1987, a report to the National Institute of Justice indicated that the following skeletal collections were of the "Mongoloid" "Ethnic Group": Arctic Eskimo, Prehistoric North American Indian, Japanese, and Chinese. The within- to between-group variation is very high for genetic polymorphisms ( 85%; refs. In 1961, its use was deprecated by a group of genetic experts in an article in The Lancet due to its "misleading connotations". For a detailed … 1 decade ago. Kroeber said that Polynesians appear to have primary Mongoloid connections by way of the Malaysians. [18], In his Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines (Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, published 1853–55), which would later influence Adolf Hitler, the French aristocrat Arthur de Gobineau defined three races which he called "white", "black", and "yellow". [50] What is the meaning of Android? The term continued to be used as a pejorative in the second half of the 20th century, with shortened versions such as Mong in slang usage. (n.d.). 1967, W. Wolfensberger, 13: Counseling Parents of the Retarded, Alfred A. Baumeister (editor), Ameliorating Mental Disability: Questioning Retardation, 2009, page 376, Kirman (1953) drew attention to some … 16,17). Many take it to mean white, when actually it means from the caucausoid region. (now offensive) A person with Down syndrome. 11 12. These skin colors—to which most people refer when they speak of a “race” of people—are caused by the brown pigment in the skin known as melanin. [28], Commenting on the situation of the United States in the early 20th century, Leonard Lieberman said that the notion of the whole world being composed of three distinct races, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid, seemed credible because of the history of immigration to the United States with most immigrants coming from three areas, Southeast China, Northwest Europe, and West Africa. Kroeber said that the Malaysian and the American Indian are generalized type peoples while the Mongolian proper is the most extreme or pronounced form. Coon divided the species Homo sapiens into five groups: Besides the Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Australoid races, he posited two races among the indigenous populations of sub-Saharan Africa: The Capoid race in the south and the Congoid race. [2] With the rise of modern genetics, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. There's a lot of groups that don't apply to the "negroid, caucasoid, or mongoloid" rule, and science has proven that race is only a social construct anyway. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. Negroid/Mongoloid: 0.031: 0.096: 0.047: 116,000 ± 34,000: This genetic distance map made in 2002 is an estimate of 18 world human groups by a neighbor-joining method based on 23 kinds of genetic information. The group of these persons was called Mongoloid race. Which is the oldest organization of world? Since polygenism stressed the perceived differences, it was popular among white supremacists, especially slaveholders in the US. Those are two of the three recognized major racial profiles. Orofacial Growth and Development. Protogonus said: December 2, 2018 at 7:15 pm “dgonol” would seem to have the mongolids and caucasids reversed as to Shem and Japhet. Monogenists based their arguments either on a literal interpretation of the biblical story of Adam and Eve or on secular research. Mongoloid was a word for a person from East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, the Americas, or the Pacific Islands. Mongolian as a term for race was first introduced in 1785 by Christoph Meiners, a scholar at the then modern Göttingen University. I'm a forensic anthropology student, and while some of my professors use the terms, I've had one recently say that we should never use them. 1 decade ago. 3 Answers. 9 months ago. The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid or Europid) is an outdated grouping of human beings historically regarded as a biological taxon which, depending on which of the historical race classifications is used, has usually included ancient and modern populations from all or parts of Europe, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. "Indeed, if a species has sufficient gene flow, there can be no evolutionary tree of populations, because there are no population splits...", Templeton, A. Kroeber said that the Mongoloid element of Polynesians is not a specialized Mongoloid. A Caucasoid skull has a distinct brow and a sharper, more pronounced and narrower nasal opening. "[39], In 1911, the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization was using the term "Mongolic grand division," not only to include Mongols, but "in the widest sense of all," to include Malays, Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans. How is the skeletal system involved in the production of blood? Kroeber said that the original Mongoloid stock must be regarded as being more like the current Malaysians, the current American Indians, or an intermediate type between these two. Genetic Studies Show Ashkenazi Jews Are Offpring Of Mongoloid/Negroid Race: www.freedomtofascism.com: 3/23/08 4:31 PM: Jews Not Israelites: 32 Years Of Scientific Proof. Answer Save. In former times, many people divided human beings into three races. "[43][44], The last edition of the German encyclopedia Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1971–79, 25 volumes) lists the following characteristics of the "Mongoloid" populations of Asia: "Flat face with a low nasal root, accentuated zygomatic arches, flat-lying eyelids (which are often slanting), thick, tight, dark hair, dark eyes, yellow-brownish skin, usually short, stocky build." Allen, G. Benda C.J. Anonymous. These races were called Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid. Pertaining to the racial classification of humanity including people indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa and their diaspora in other parts of the world. Negroid people range in color from black to light yellowish-brown; Mongoloid people range from yellow, to white, to bronze-brown; Caucasoids range from pink (as in England) to dark brown (as in Southern India). Negroid synonyms, Negroid pronunciation, Negroid translation, English dictionary definition of Negroid. They also supposed that "Mongoloid" facial features reduce the surface area of the nose by having nasal bones that are flat against the face and having enlarged cheekbones that project forward which effectively reduce the external projection of the nose. 7th April is the day celebrated as [19][20] While he saw the "white race" as superior, he claimed that the "yellow race" was physically and intellectually mediocre but had an extremely strong materialism that allowed them to achieve certain results. EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. [25][26], German physical anthropologist Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt, an influential proponent of Rassenkunde (racial studies) in Nazi Germany, classified people from Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, East India, parts of Northeast India, western Myanmar and Sri Lanka as East Brachid, referring to people of mixed Indid and South Mongolid origins. The third one is Negroid. Mongoloid (/ˈmɒŋ.ɡə.lɔɪd/[1]) is an outdated historical grouping of various people indigenous to large parts of Asia, Polynesia, and the Americas. Pages 132, 147 & 148. Negroid, literally translates as "black resemblance" from negro, is what we generally call “black”. I am asking if these terms should still be used in the field of Anthropology because my friend and I were discussing this and we concluded it is just pseudoscience that has no place in modern Anthropology and is just 20th century nonsense.